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Alan S. Frumin (; born December 26, 1946) was Parliamentarian of the United States Senate. ==Career== A 1968 graduate of Colgate University in Hamilton, New York and Georgetown University Law Center, Frumin's entire career has been spent giving non-partisan procedural advice in the United States Congress. He began his career in 1974 by participating in the editing of ''Deschler's Precedents of the House of Representatives'' (the official authoritative compilation of the precedents of the House) before joining the Senate Parliamentarian's office in 1977. He is the editor of ''Riddick's Senate Procedure'', the official authoritative compilation of Senate precedents.〔Lisa Friedman (2008) The Almanac of the Unelected 2008: Staff of the U.S. Congress. 405. Pennsylvania: Bernan Press. ISBN 1-59888-184-1〕 He was promoted to the position of Chief Parliamentarian in 1987, when the Democratic party obtained a majority and control of the Senate, and the incumbent Parliamentarian, Robert Dove, was dismissed. In 1995, when the Republican party regained control of the Senate, Dove was reinstated as Parliamentarian, and Frumin was returned to his previous position as top assistant.〔 In 1997, while serving as the Senior Assistant Parliamentarian, the Senate honored Frumin by granting him the status of Parliamentarian Emeritus. In May 2001, Dove was again dismissed, this time by the Republican Majority Leader, Trent Lott of Mississippi, and Frumin was again promoted to Chief Parliamentarian, thus becoming the only person to become Chief Parliamentarian under both parties.〔 〕〔 〕 He was subsequently retained as Chief Parliamentarian at each successive change in party control of the Senate: in June 2001; January 2003; and January 2007. His 35 years and one month tenure in the Senate Parliamentarian's Office is the longest such tenure in the history of that office, and his 18 year and 10 month service as Chief Parliamentarian is second only to the 29 and a half years served by Charles Watkins, the Senate's first Parliamentarian. Frumin began receiving significant media coverage and notice in his usually quiet role during the 2010 healthcare reform debate for the critical role he plays in determining the validity of the reconciliation procedure being employed to apply changes desired by the House to portions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act passed by both houses. In November 2011, Frumin was included on ''The New Republic's'' list of Washington's most powerful, least famous people. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alan Frumin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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